Por Ivan Moraes Filho
As redes sociais pipocaram com a repercussão de um vídeo que eu – muito infelizmente – já havia assistido. Nele (não vou colocar o link. Se você viu ou verá, não será por minha causa) uma repórter (?) da TV Band Bahia achincalha um jovem suspeito de estupro. Acusa-o e faz graça com o rapaz por não conhecer seus direitos e por não saber direito a diferença entre exames de ‘próstata’ e de ‘corpo de delito’. Reveza-se entre olhares raivosos lançados para o acusado e entre risadinhas de chacota pela ignorância do sujeito. Não preciso dizer que trata-se de um jovem negro.
Como se fosse novidade, a notícia espalhou-se. Entre blogs, tuíteres e faicebuques muita gente indignada com a profissional da emissora baiana. Pedindo seu afastamento, chamando-a de preconceituosa, de racista. Só não chamaram a moça de arroz doce. E, de fato, o que ela fez nesse caso explica o alarde. Implodindo o código de ética dos jornalistas, o da Abert e o do bom senso, o telejornal mandou ao ar uma matéria dessas que se fazem quase todos os dias. Só que dessa vez incomodou mais gente. Talvez por ter repercutido em blogs importantes, não sei.
A indignação foi tanta que a Band emitiu uma nota oficial prometendo “tomar todas as medidas disciplinares necessárias”. Também que “a postura da repórter fere o código de ética do jornalismo da emissora”. Balela que os próprios jornalistas do estado compreenderam ao elaborarem uma nota alertando a responsabilidade não só da moça, mas também “do apresentador e dos produtores do programa, da emissora e dos anunciantes”. A atitude dos profissionais é inédita e merece ser aplaudida. Não é sempre que colegas têm a coragem de expor-se dessa maneira em nome de um princípio moral, posicionando-se com nomes e sobrenomes contra possíveis futuros patrões.
Até as velhas fitas betacam que dormem nos arquivos das emissoras sabem que esse papo da Band é conversa pra boi dormir. A cabeça de rede sabe muito bem que, em diversas praças, suas afiliadas (e as de outras redes) têm atrações como o policialesco baiano. Sabe também que nesses espaços o desrespeito é a regra, não a exceção. Ocupando boa parte dos horários mais importantes da escassa grade local, esses programas costumam basear-se numa premissa apenas: obter audiência a qualquer custo.
Nem que para isso tenham que tirar sarro da ignorância de um suspeito, como fez-se dessa vez na Bahia. Ou humilhar uma travesti suspeita de tráfico que teve um vibrador apreendido (isso mesmo) pela polícia, como fez o programa Plantão 190, do Recife, exibido pela TV Jornal, afiliada do SBT. Ou mesmo exibir imagens de uma execução em curso, como fez o Cardinot Aqui na Clube (TV Clube/Record), também em Pernambuco. A lista de violações mais óbvias não é pequena. Mas nessas horas é importante que se perceba que esses abusos fazem parte da linha editorial. Ou seja: são fruto da própria concepção de cada um desses programas.
Perceba-se: não se trata de ser contra a informação sobre crimes ou qualquer outra. Mas de compreender que deve haver regras éticas aplicáveis e justicializáveis para garantir que os direitos de todas as pessoas – incluindo a liberdade de expressão – sejam preservados.
No Centro de Cultura Luiz Freire estamos finalizando uma pesquisa sobre esse formato. Por quatro meses, analisamos dois policialescos pernambucanos. Mesmo ainda não tendo resultados finais, alguns dados já podem ser socializados. Saltam aos olhos equívocos à técnica jornalística que, de tão repetidos, não podem ser acidentes de percurso. Suspeitos sendo julgados ao vivo ou tendo suas imagens veiculadas sem consentimento; carência de fontes além da autoridade policial; informações repassadas sem a devida checagem; matérias sem contextualização ou mesmo sem o lide, célula básica do jornalismo composta dos velhos “quem, quando, onde, porque, como”. Não raro, notícias sobre atos violentos acontecidas em outro estado são veiculadas sem referência geográfica, induzindo o público a acreditar que, como as outras, trata-se de uma informação local. Por vezes o texto do apresentador introduz um personagem “omnisciente”, que faz suposições como se fossem verdades, modificam o contexto das reportagens ou mesmo aproveitam-se das situações para fazer piada com a infelicidade de seus personagens.
Pagam por isso anunciantes como a indústria farmacêutica, bancos de crédito, lojas de automóveis, empresas de telefonia, faculdades e até a Prefeitura do Recife e o Governo do Estado de Pernambuco.
Não se imagine que a sociedade é conivente. Em 2006, um grupo de entidades fez uma representação ao Ministério Público de Pernambuco em que denunciava essas violações. O MPPE acatou o pedido e em 2007 depois entrou com uma ação civil pública em que pedia a retirada do ar de um desses programas pelo período de um mês. O mérito ainda não foi julgado e, cinco anos depois, o processo ainda tramita na justiça local. Em setembro de 2011, o próprio CCLF encaminhou uma representação ao conselho de ética do Sindicato dos Jornalistas de Pernambuco. Pedia providências sobre as cenas de execução veiculadas praticamente na íntegra. A pena máxima aplicada por esta instância é leve: a desfiliação dos responsáveis pela matéria perante o sindicato. Até agora, porém, os sindicalistas não se posicionaram formalmente – embora garantam que vão fazê-lo em breve.
Dizer que o povo “gosta” ou que “prefere” esse tipo de programação às outras é de um cinismo bárbaro. Em que outros espaços as pessoas que vivem em comunidades da periferia têm a oportunidade de verem-se representadas na televisão? Que outras opções existem de programas com os mesmos sotaques, com referências geográficas familiares, que mostram fatos com que se podem identificar? Alguém já parou para ponderar? Será que temos sede de sangue? Ou sede de representação? A pouca ousadia daqueles que insistem no modelo que dá certo (sic) sempre vem acompanhada de um medo quase irracional de se perder audiência (ou, na pior das hipóteses, o emprego).
Engana-se quem acha que profissionais atuantes nessas atrações sentem-se livres. Pelo contrário. Conheço vários e coleciono histórias que ouço sobre ideias de mudanças que naufragaram antes de zarpar. Sobre jogos de interesse, conchavos, acordos com políticos e autoridades policiais. Sobre os desafios e dores de levantar-se todos os dias sabendo que vai precisar ignorar tudo o que aprendeu na faculdade para poder garantir o salário no final do mês.
Pensar a grade das emissoras, defendendo a melhora da quantidade e a qualidade da programação local é a grande tarefa. Faz parte dela exigir que os direitos de todas as pessoas sejam respeitados mesmo quando o assunto é violento. Faz parte dela buscar mais diversidade, mais conteúdos, mais espaço, mais opções – inclusive públicas – no espectro eletromagnético.
A grande discussão, que envolve a construção do Marco Regulatório da Comunicação no Brasil, já está mais do que pautada. Isentar-se e deixar que a ganância do mercado continue estuprando o interesse público é pior que rasgar o código de ética dos jornalistas. É colaborar com atentados sistemáticos à própria democracia. Com hora marcada e todos os dias.
Ivan, o blog do Adielson Galvão que cede imagens para o cardinot é dantesco muito pior que qualquer coisa dessas televisões eis o link:
http://www.blogdoadielsongalvao.com/
denunciem essa coisa horrível também.
quem votou ? pra ela ser miss catale3o eu nao votei naoveracidade do cosnurco quem garante ja que o mesmo agente dela foi o idealizador do cosnurco
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